
Dorien Herremans
Susan Wong
We began by understanding the challenges of colour quality control in footwear manufacturing. Through research and industry collaboration, we identified key pain points such as inconsistent human inspection, lack of scalability, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. This phase established the foundation for a system that prioritises objectivity, repeatability, and seamless integration into production workflows.
With a clear problem space, we explored a range of solutions across hardware and software. Multiple approaches were evaluated, from traditional pixel-based methods to machine learning models and hybrid systems. In parallel, we designed concepts for controlled lighting, automated image capture, and multi-angle inspection. This iterative exploration allowed us to converge on a solution that balances accuracy, efficiency, and practicality.
The final phase focused on bringing the system to life through an integrated prototype. A custom lightbox, multi-camera setup, and laser-triggered capture system were developed to ensure consistent data acquisition. On the software side, segmentation and reference-based colour analysis enabled reliable ΔE evaluation against industry standards. The result is a working system capable of near real-time, automated quality control in a controlled environment.
A laser-based detection system identifies when a product enters the inspection zone. This automatically triggers the system, ensuring every item is captured without manual intervention.
High-resolution cameras capture images from multiple angles under controlled lighting conditions. Standardised lighting (D65 and TL84) ensures colour is measured consistently across environments.
Captured images are processed by an AI model that removes background noise and evaluates colour accuracy by calculating colour difference (ΔE). This enables objective, quantitative assessment instead of human judgement.
The system classifies each product as pass or fail based on predefined thresholds. Defective items are flagged, stored in the cloud, and visualised through a monitoring dashboard for real-time quality tracking.
PerceptIQ enables fully automated image acquisition through a synchronised multi-camera system designed for production-line integration. As each shoe passes through the inspection zone, a laser tripwire precisely detects its position and triggers simultaneous image capture across multiple viewpoints (top, left, and right). This ensures comprehensive visual coverage of complex geometries and curved surfaces in a single pass. By eliminating manual handling and standardising capture timing and positioning, the system produces consistent, high-quality input data while maintaining real-time throughput on conveyor systems.
Accurate colour evaluation requires strict control over environmental conditions. PerceptIQ addresses this through a custom-built lightbox that replicates industry-standard lighting environments using D65 (daylight) and TL84 (retail) fluorescent sources. These high-CRI light sources are configured to provide uniform, top-down illumination, minimising shadows, reflections, and colour distortion. The enclosed setup, enhanced with blackout curtains, isolates the system from ambient light interference, ensuring that captured images remain consistent across time and deployment locations. This controlled calibration is critical for producing reliable and repeatable colour measurements.
At the core of the pipeline is a robust, interpretable colour analysis framework grounded in colour science. The system first applies a trained segmentation model to isolate the shoe region at pixel-level precision, removing background noise and ensuring accurate colour extraction. It then computes the mean L*, a*, b* values of the segmented region and compares them against a reference standard using the ΔE metric, which quantifies perceptual colour difference. By directly measuring deviation rather than relying solely on learned predictions, this approach provides stable, explainable pass/fail decisions aligned with industrial tolerances, while maintaining near real-time performance.
PerceptIQ transforms colour quality control from a subjective, labour-intensive process into a consistent, data-driven system. By automating inspection directly on production lines, it reduces reliance on manual judgement and eliminates variability between inspectors, enabling more reliable and scalable quality assurance.
The system’s ability to perform real-time, full-product inspection allows manufacturers to move beyond traditional spot-checking, significantly improving defect detection rates and overall product consistency. This not only enhances brand reliability but also reduces costly rework, waste, and downstream quality issues.
Beyond immediate operational gains, PerceptIQ establishes a foundation for smarter manufacturing. By generating structured inspection data, it enables traceability, continuous process improvement, and future integration with AI-driven analytics — supporting the transition towards fully automated, intelligent production systems.
Team PerceptIQ would like to express our sincere gratitude to our Capstone instructors: Dr Dorien Herremans, Dr Rakesh Nagi, Dr Lee Young, and Dr Susan Wong for their invaluable guidance and support throughout the project. Their insights and feedback were instrumental in shaping the direction and success of our work.
We would also like to thank our industry partner, Crocs, for providing us with the opportunity to work on a real-world problem and for their continuous support, resources, and feedback during the development of our solution.
Finally, we extend our appreciation to the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) for providing the facilities and environment that enabled us to bring PerceptIQ to life.
At Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), we believe that the power of design roots from the understanding of human experiences and needs, to create for innovation that enhances and transforms the way we live. This is why we develop a multi-disciplinary curriculum delivered v ia a hands-on, collaborative learning pedagogy and environment that concludes in a Capstone project.
The Capstone project is a collaboration between companies and senior-year students. Students of different majors come together to work in teams and contribute their technology and design expertise to solve real-world challenges faced by companies. The Capstone project will culminate with a design showcase, unveiling the innovative solutions from the graduating cohort.
The Capstone Design Showcase is held annually to celebrate the success of our graduating students and their enthralling multi-disciplinary projects they have developed.