Enhancing Cleaning Efficiency with Data-Driven Insights

Project S30: SKH Improvement Deployment Framework

This project focuses on enhancing cleaning operations by leveraging data collected through a Task Tracking Application and sensors. Key metrics from the data are gathered and analysed, providing insights that are used to refine existing workflows and improve cleaning efficiency.

Introducing Enhancing Cleaning Efficiency with Data-Driven Insights

This project seeks to improve cleaning operations in Singapore by analysing task specific data such as time taken, task completion rates, current cleanliness statuses and perceived difficulty. In an industry where the average housekeeper is 62 years old and operational costs exceed S$88 million annually, refining cleaning workflows is critical. Through a task tracking system with sensors, this initiative identifies areas of improvement and informs data driven changes to support a more efficient, sustainable and worker-friendly process.

Team members

Advaitaa Kathavarayan (CSD), Han Chewon (CSD), John-David Tan Ming Sheng (CSD), Leow Jing Ting (EPD), Tan Jie Ni, Ashley (EPD)

Instructors:

  • Song Qun

Writing Instructors:

  • Susan Wong

Project Roadmap

Discover

The Discover Phase focused on exploring and understanding the problem. It involved conducting a comprehensive needs analysis to identify opportunities and challenges, gathering insights through site visits, and exploring other existing technologies. During this phase, the needs statement was defined, the problem context was mapped, and the project was structured into iterative phases enabling a systematic approach to problem-solving.

Define

The Define phase concentrated on designing the overall methodology, developing the prototypes, and conducting pilot testing to refine performance. The core system architecture and functional requirements were established, and the first prototype of the Task Tracking Application was developed. Pilot testing, data collection, and user feedback were analysed to identify issues and guide further development. Sensor experimentation and testing was initiated, with plans for integration in subsequent stages once functionality and reliability are validated. Additionally, risk assessments were conducted to identify potential challenges, and a budget plan was formulated to ensure financial feasibility.

Solution

The Solution phase, focused on enhancing the prototypes with additional features, iterative improvements, and thorough testing to ensure alignment with project objectives. Sensor kit testing was executed on-site to ensure proper functionality and integration within the system. Data collection for the second iteration of Task Tracking Application was carried out to validate system performance. Collected data was analysed to identify areas for improvement and optimize workflows. Enhanced features were implemented to strengthen the system’s capabilities, with user feedback continuing to guide further refinement.

Our Methodology

Our system integrates three core components to generate a dynamic, efficient cleaning schedule.

1. Inputs
Captures data such as task duration, difficulty, priority, and cleanliness data.

2. Analytics
Data is refined and analyzed to optimize task allocation.

3. Solution

 

 

Technology Stack

We have three core layers in our project technology stack.

  1. The hardware sensor kit layer is composed of IoT devices through which environmental data is captured. Usage level data is measured by the sensors; if an area is used more frequently, more frequent cleaning is required. Communication is established between the sensors and the ESP32, through which data is transmitted to the database via Wi-Fi.
  2. The software application layer is comprised of both frontend and backend components of the Task Tracking Application.
  3. The data layer, consisting of tools such as Firebase, Python, and Excel, is used to receive inputs from both the hardware and software layers, enabling centralized storage and analysis.

 

Our Data-Driven Approach

Data Analysis - Software
Data Analysis - Hardware
Refined Workflows

Our Task Tracking Application enabled us to collect detailed performance and usage data, which was used to evaluate the efficiency and adaptability of current housekeeping workflows.

1. Time Block Analysis
The distribution of time taken to complete each task was modeled to assess whether existing time blocks were appropriately sized. Tasks that were either under- or over-allocated in the daily schedule were identified, and adjustments for a more balanced workflow were subsequently recommended.

2. Unfinished Task Analysis
The rate at which tasks were left unfinished was evaluated. Based on this, the deprioritisation of certain lower-urgency tasks was proposed, making them eligible for rescheduling to a later date rather than requiring same-day completion.

3. Skipped Task Analysis
The frequency of skipped tasks was analyzed to assess the balance between mandatory daily cleaning and lower-priority tasks. Recommendations on adjusting task frequency were informed by these findings, aligning them more closely with on-ground capacity.

To evaluate whether current cleaning frequencies matched actual usage, two types of sensor kits were deployed in selected areas where testing was permitted.

  • The first kit, equipped with a Laser Diode Module and Light Dependent Resistor, was used to track the number of entries into an area.
  • The second kit, which utilized Humidity, Temperature, Light, and Air Quality sensors, was used to collect environmental data to assess whether the space was actively used.

Both areas were initially subjected to mandatory daily cleaning. Through analysis, it was revealed that entry and usage levels were higher on certain days—particularly weekdays—thereby justifying daily cleaning. However, on days with significantly lower activity (e.g., weekends), daily cleaning was determined to be excessive.

These findings have supported the development of a more data-driven cleaning schedule, ensuring that resources are better aligned with actual area usage.

Based on insights drawn from both software and hardware analyses, several refinements to the housekeeping workflow were proposed by the team.

Task allocations were rescheduled and adjusted to minimize instances where insufficient time blocks had been assigned, thereby creating a more balanced and achievable daily schedule. Cleaning frequencies were also reviewed and reduced where appropriate—particularly for tasks in low-usage areas—to ensure that cleaning efforts were better aligned with actual need.

Furthermore, essential tasks were prioritised, and flexibility for dynamic rescheduling was introduced, allowing non-urgent tasks to be deferred to another day if not completed. Through this approach, task distribution was improved, staff workload was eased, and real-world constraints were more accurately reflected.

Overall, a refined workflow was developed with the aim of improving cleaning efficiency while maintaining high cleanliness standards.

Explore our User Interface (UI) for Housekeeper, Supervisor and Management teams

Mobile app interface for housekeepers displaying scheduled cleaning tasks, progress tracking, and issue reporting form.
Housekeeper App – Streamlined Workflow and Smart Data Collection

 

Mobile interface for supervisors showing real-time task monitoring and issue management across different wards.
Supervisor Dashboard – Real-Time Supervision, Smarter Decisions

 

Desktop dashboard for management with performance analytics, task duration histograms, housekeeper logs, and ranking tables.
Management Dashboard – Data-Driven Performance Insights

 

In partnership with :

Supported by :

Acknowledgements

Our team would like to thank our Capstone instructors for their valuable advice which were pivotal to our project’s success:

  1. Professor Song Qun
  2. Associate Professor Murguia Rendon Carlos Gerardo
  3. Professor Francisco Benita
  4. Dr Susan Wong

We would also like to thank the team’s Industry Mentors from Sengkang General Hospital for their valuable guidance and support:

  1. Mr. Teng Jyh Lei
  2. Ms. Connie Wong Yoon Fong
  3. Ms. Rachelle Poh May Ling
  4. Ms. Wang Shan Ying
  5. Mr. Ryan Ng Xiao Kang
  6. Mr. Tan Jun Wen

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487372

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Contact the Capstone Office :

+65 6499 4076

8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372

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